Elevator guide rails are divided into three categories: solid guide rails, counterweight hollow guide rails and escalator guide rails. Counterweight hollow guide rails are cold-bent rolled guide rails, which are formed by cold bending of rolled plates through multiple hole-shaped dies. They are mainly used to provide guidance for counterweights during elevator operation. Hollow guide rails can be divided into TK3 and TK5 according to the weight per meter, and can be divided into straight edge and flanged edge according to the shape of the guide rail end face, namely TK5 and TK优良.
Escalator guide rails are cold-bent rolled guide rails, which are mainly used for supporting and guiding the steps of escalators and moving walkways. Each escalator company uses escalator guide rails of various cross-sectional shapes according to its own design needs, that is, they all use their own escalator guide rail standards.
Elevator guide rails are safety rails for elevators to travel up and down in the hoistway. The guide rails are installed on the hoistway wall and are fixed to the hoistway wall by the guide rail frame and the guide rail bracket. The commonly used guide rails for elevators are "T"-shaped guide rails. It has the characteristics of strong rigidity, high reliability, safety and low cost. The guide rail surface must be smooth, without obvious uneven surfaces. Since the guide rail is the shuttle rail for the guide shoe and safety clamp on the elevator car, the gap must be ensured during installation. At the same time, the guide rail must bear the task of stopping the elevator when an overspeed accident occurs, so its rigidity cannot be ignored.
Elevator guide rails are two or more vertical or inclined rigid rails installed in the elevator shaft or between floors, ensuring that the car and counterweight move up and down along them, ensuring that the escalator and moving walkway steps move along them in an inclined or horizontal manner, and providing guidance for the elevator car, counterweight device or steps. From the definition of the guide rail, it can be seen that the guide rail is an important reference component for vertical elevators, automatic elevators, and moving walkway steps. It controls the running trajectory of the elevator car, escalator and moving walkway steps, and ensures the transmission of operation signals. It is also an important component related to elevator safety and operation quality.
1) Safety. The factors affecting the safety of elevator guide rails are mainly the material of the guide rails. If the guide rail material is too hard or uneven (partially too hard), the clamping will not get enough friction during the safety clamp braking, which will cause the brake to fail and the car to fall, the most serious condition in the elevator accident. The guide rail must also have sufficient strength to ensure the support of the car and the impact force during the safety clamp braking.
2) Comfort. There are several factors that affect the comfort of the elevator guide rail:
a. The connection accuracy of the guide rail: The connection accuracy of the solid guide rail is guaranteed by the end size of the guide rail and the symmetry of the yin and yang tenon. The connection accuracy of the hollow guide rail and the escalator guide rail is guaranteed by the end size of the guide rail and the form and position tolerance. The connection accuracy of the guide rail directly affects the stability and comfort of the elevator operation.
b. The roughness of the guide surface of the guide rail: The roughness of the guide surface of the guide rail directly affects whether the guide shoe can run smoothly on the guide surface, and also affects the storage of lubricating oil, thereby affecting the operation quality of the car.
c. Straightness and torsion of the guide rail: Any bending or torsion at any point on the guide rail will give the car a lateral force, affecting the car's up and down linear motion, making the car feel shaky. As the elevator speed increases, the car will vibrate, affecting comfort.
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